(i) E & Z Isomers :- Stereoisomers produced by restricted rotation at C=C viz. in alkyl and imines (C=N) (alkenes and olefins) are called are geometric isomers. they may also be referred as diastereomers depending upon the orientation of the molecules on the same or opposite side of the double bond it is designated as E or Z isomer.
(ii) Cis and Trans Isomers :- Ring analogues where there exists one common bond shared between two rings may show Cis and Trans Isomers. E.g. Decalin .In cis decalin if we view the configuration whereas when one isomers is above the plane it is trans configuration
(iii) 𝞪 and 𝛃 Isomers :- When hydrogen atom present on the ring it is designated as 𝛃 isomer whereas if the hydrogen atom attached to the ring it is called 𝞪 isomer. The 5𝞪 and 5𝛃 cholestane have resulted from positional arrangements off hydrogen atom in its conformation.
◾ Spatial arrangement of Atoms :- When there exists bioisoterism and when many drug have common pharmacophore
◾ Drug Chirality :- The receptor complementarily is achieved by drugs with approximate stereochemical arrangements. Drug chirality plays an important role in governing the potency and biological activity of the molecules some definition are given as under.
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◾ Conformation Isomers :- Enantiomers and geometrical isomers can be separated whereas conformational isomer cannot be separated conformational isomer are the result of free rotation about single bond in acyclic molecules and conformational flexibility in many cyclic compounds the conformational isomer occupy the active binding site in the receptor and lowest energy conformation that bind with receptor is called bioactive conformation.
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